Investigation of the Colorectal Cancer-Preventive Behaviors Based on the Health Belief Model

Introduction and purpose: Colorectal cancer is the third and fourth common type of cancer among Iranian males and females, respectively. According to previous studies, awareness and belief regarding the risk factors of this disease have a significant association with screening behaviors. The present study aimed to investigate the behavior of colorectal cancer prevention based on the health belief model. Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 382 people in rural and urban areas of Behshahar City, Iran during 2019-20. The participants were selected using the random cluster sampling and the required data were collected using Standard Champion Questionnaire, consisting of 36 phrases and 6 dimensions, including perceived sensitivity, perceived intensity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, awareness, and self-efficacy. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 17) using frequency, mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, and regression coefficient. Results: The majority of the research population (65.8%) were not aware of the implementation of the program and only 2.6% of them participated in it. The perceived intensity with a regression coefficient of 0.422 was the most predictive factor, while self-efficacy with the lowest value (b=0.226) was the least effective factor in the prediction of preventive behaviors. Conclusion: Awareness seems to be an effective factor in the practice of screening for colorectal cancer. Interventions at various levels are necessary to increase public awareness and access to prevention programs. It is recommended to use theories and models of health promotion to promote health behaviors in society.